0404.左叶子之和

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# 404.左叶子之和 [力扣题目链接](https://leetcode.cn/problems/sum-of-left-leaves/) 计算给定二叉树的所有左叶子之和。 示例: ![404.左叶子之和1](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20210204151927654.png) ## 算法公开课 **[《代码随想录》算法视频公开课](https://programmercarl.com/other/gongkaike.html)::[二叉树的题目中,总有一些规则让你找不到北 | LeetCode:404.左叶子之和](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GY4y1K7z8),相信结合视频在看本篇题解,更有助于大家对本题的理解**。 ## 思路 **首先要注意是判断左叶子,不是二叉树左侧节点,所以不要上来想着层序遍历。** 因为题目中其实没有说清楚左叶子究竟是什么节点,那么我来给出左叶子的明确定义:**节点A的左孩子不为空,且左孩子的左右孩子都为空(说明是叶子节点),那么A节点的左孩子为左叶子节点** 大家思考一下如下图中二叉树,左叶子之和究竟是多少? ![404.左叶子之和](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20210204151949672.png) **其实是0,因为这棵树根本没有左叶子!** 但看这个图的左叶子之和是多少? ![图二](https://code-thinking-1253855093.file.myqcloud.com/pics/20220902165805.png) 相信通过这两个图,大家对最左叶子的定义有明确理解了。 那么**判断当前节点是不是左叶子是无法判断的,必须要通过节点的父节点来判断其左孩子是不是左叶子。** 如果该节点的左节点不为空,该节点的左节点的左节点为空,该节点的左节点的右节点为空,则找到了一个左叶子,判断代码如下:
if (node->left != NULL && node->left->left == NULL && node->left->right == NULL) {
    左叶子节点处理逻辑
}
### 递归法 递归的遍历顺序为后序遍历(左右中),是因为要通过递归函数的返回值来累加求取左叶子数值之和。 递归三部曲: 1. 确定递归函数的参数和返回值 判断一个树的左叶子节点之和,那么一定要传入树的根节点,递归函数的返回值为数值之和,所以为int 使用题目中给出的函数就可以了。 2. 确定终止条件 如果遍历到空节点,那么左叶子值一定是0
if (root == NULL) return 0;
注意,只有当前遍历的节点是父节点,才能判断其子节点是不是左叶子。 所以如果当前遍历的节点是叶子节点,那其左叶子也必定是0,那么终止条件为:
if (root == NULL) return 0;
if (root->left == NULL && root->right== NULL) return 0; //其实这个也可以不写,如果不写不影响结果,但就会让递归多进行了一层。
3. 确定单层递归的逻辑 当遇到左叶子节点的时候,记录数值,然后通过递归求取左子树左叶子之和,和 右子树左叶子之和,相加便是整个树的左叶子之和。 代码如下:
int leftValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root->left);    // 左
if (root->left && !root->left->left && !root->left->right) {
    leftValue = root->left->val;
}
int rightValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root->right);  // 右

int sum = leftValue + rightValue;               // 中
return sum;
整体递归代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
    int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
        if (root == NULL) return 0;
        if (root->left == NULL && root->right== NULL) return 0;

        int leftValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root->left);    // 左
        if (root->left && !root->left->left && !root->left->right) { // 左子树就是一个左叶子的情况
            leftValue = root->left->val;
        }
        int rightValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root->right);  // 右

        int sum = leftValue + rightValue;               // 中
        return sum;
    }
};
以上代码精简之后如下:
class Solution {
public:
    int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
        if (root == NULL) return 0;
        int leftValue = 0;
        if (root->left != NULL && root->left->left == NULL && root->left->right == NULL) {
            leftValue = root->left->val;
        }
        return leftValue + sumOfLeftLeaves(root->left) + sumOfLeftLeaves(root->right);
    }
};
精简之后的代码其实看不出来用的是什么遍历方式了,对于算法初学者以上根据第一个版本来学习。 ### 迭代法 本题迭代法使用前中后序都是可以的,只要把左叶子节点统计出来,就可以了,那么参考文章 [二叉树:听说递归能做的,栈也能做!](https://programmercarl.com/二叉树的迭代遍历.html)和[二叉树:迭代法统一写法](https://programmercarl.com/二叉树的统一迭代法.html)中的写法,可以写出一个前序遍历的迭代法。 判断条件都是一样的,代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
    int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        if (root == NULL) return 0;
        st.push(root);
        int result = 0;
        while (!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            st.pop();
            if (node->left != NULL && node->left->left == NULL && node->left->right == NULL) {
                result += node->left->val;
            }
            if (node->right) st.push(node->right);
            if (node->left) st.push(node->left);
        }
        return result;
    }
};
## 总结 这道题目要求左叶子之和,其实是比较绕的,因为不能判断本节点是不是左叶子节点。 此时就要通过节点的父节点来判断其左孩子是不是左叶子了。 **平时我们解二叉树的题目时,已经习惯了通过节点的左右孩子判断本节点的属性,而本题我们要通过节点的父节点判断本节点的属性。** 希望通过这道题目,可以扩展大家对二叉树的解题思路。 ## 其他语言版本 ### Java: **递归**
class Solution {
    public int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return 0;
        int leftValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left);    // 左
        int rightValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right);  // 右

        int midValue = 0;
        if (root.left != null && root.left.left == null && root.left.right == null) { 
            midValue = root.left.val;
        }
        int sum = midValue + leftValue + rightValue;  // 中
        return sum;
    }
}
**迭代**
class Solution {
    public int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return 0;
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<> ();
        stack.add(root);
        int result = 0;
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode node = stack.pop();
            if (node.left != null && node.left.left == null && node.left.right == null) {
                result += node.left.val;
            }
            if (node.right != null) stack.add(node.right);
            if (node.left != null) stack.add(node.left);
        }
        return result;
    }
}
// 层序遍历迭代法
class Solution {
    public int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode root) {
        int sum = 0;
        if (root == null) return 0;
        Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(root);
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int size = queue.size();
            while (size -- > 0) {
                TreeNode node = queue.poll();
                if (node.left != null) { // 左节点不为空
                    queue.offer(node.left);
                    if (node.left.left == null && node.left.right == null){ // 左叶子节点
                        sum += node.left.val;
                    }
                }
                if (node.right != null) queue.offer(node.right);
            }
        }
        return sum;
    }
}
### Python: 递归
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        if root.left is None and root.right is None:
            return 0

        leftValue = self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left)  # 左
        if root.left and not root.left.left and not root.left.right:  # 左子树是左叶子的情况
            leftValue = root.left.val

        rightValue = self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)  # 右

        sum_val = leftValue + rightValue  # 中
        return sum_val
递归精简版
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        leftValue = 0
        if root.left is not None and root.left.left is None and root.left.right is None:
            leftValue = root.left.val
        return leftValue + self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left) + self.sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)
迭代法
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sumOfLeftLeaves(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return 0
        st = [root]
        result = 0
        while st:
            node = st.pop()
            if node.left and node.left.left is None and node.left.right is None:
                result += node.left.val
            if node.right:
                st.append(node.right)
            if node.left:
                st.append(node.left)
        return result
### Go: **递归法**
func sumOfLeftLeaves(root *TreeNode) int {
    if root == nil {
        return 0
    }
    leftValue := sumOfLeftLeaves(root.Left)   // 左

    if root.Left != nil && root.Left.Left == nil && root.Left.Right == nil {
        leftValue = root.Left.Val             // 中
    }

    rightValue := sumOfLeftLeaves(root.Right) // 右

    return leftValue + rightValue
}
**迭代法(前序遍历)**
func sumOfLeftLeaves(root *TreeNode) int {
        st := make([]*TreeNode, 0)
        if root == nil {
            return 0
        }
        st = append(st, root)
        result := 0

        for len(st) != 0 {
            node := st[len(st)-1]
            st = st[:len(st)-1]
            if node.Left != nil && node.Left.Left == nil && node.Left.Right == nil {
                result += node.Left.Val
            }
            if node.Right != nil {
                st = append(st, node.Right)
            }
            if node.Left != nil {
                st = append(st, node.Left)
            } 
        }

        return result
}
### JavaScript: **递归法**
var sumOfLeftLeaves = function(root) {
    //采用后序遍历 递归遍历
    // 1. 确定递归函数参数
    const nodesSum = function(node) {
        // 2. 确定终止条件
        if(node === null) {
            return 0;
        }
        let leftValue = nodesSum(node.left);
        let rightValue = nodesSum(node.right);
        // 3. 单层递归逻辑
        let midValue = 0;
        if(node.left && node.left.left === null && node.left.right === null) {
            midValue = node.left.val;
        }
        let sum = midValue + leftValue + rightValue;
        return sum;
    }
    return nodesSum(root);
};
**迭代法**
var sumOfLeftLeaves = function(root) {
   //采用层序遍历
   if(root === null) {
       return null;
   }
   let queue = [];
   let sum = 0;
   queue.push(root);
   while(queue.length) {
     let node = queue.shift();
     if(node.left !== null && node.left.left === null && node.left.right === null) {
         sum+=node.left.val;
     }
     node.left && queue.push(node.left);
     node.right && queue.push(node.right);
   }
   return sum;
};
### TypeScript: > 递归法
function sumOfLeftLeaves(root: TreeNode | null): number {
    if (root === null) return 0;
    let midVal: number = 0;
    if (
        root.left !== null &&
        root.left.left === null &&
        root.left.right === null
    ) {
        midVal = root.left.val;
    }
    let leftVal: number = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left);
    let rightVal: number = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right);
    return midVal + leftVal + rightVal;
};
> 迭代法
function sumOfLeftLeaves(root: TreeNode | null): number {
    let helperStack: TreeNode[] = [];
    let tempNode: TreeNode;
    let sum: number = 0;
    if (root !== null) helperStack.push(root);
    while (helperStack.length > 0) {
        tempNode = helperStack.pop()!;
        if (
            tempNode.left !== null &&
            tempNode.left.left === null &&
            tempNode.left.right === null
        ) {
            sum += tempNode.left.val;
        }
        if (tempNode.right !== null) helperStack.push(tempNode.right);
        if (tempNode.left !== null) helperStack.push(tempNode.left);
    }
    return sum;
};
### Swift: **递归法**
func sumOfLeftLeaves(_ root: TreeNode?) -> Int {
    guard let root = root else {
        return 0
    }

    let leftValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left)
    let rightValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)

    var midValue: Int = 0
    if root.left != nil && root.left?.left == nil && root.left?.right == nil {
        midValue = root.left!.val
    }

    let sum = midValue + leftValue + rightValue
    return sum
}
**迭代法**
func sumOfLeftLeaves(_ root: TreeNode?) -> Int {
    guard let root = root else {
        return 0
    }

    var stack = Array<TreeNode>()
    stack.append(root)
    var sum = 0

    while !stack.isEmpty {
        let lastNode = stack.removeLast()

        if lastNode.left != nil && lastNode.left?.left == nil && lastNode.left?.right == nil {
            sum += lastNode.left!.val
        }
        if let right = lastNode.right {
            stack.append(right)
        }
        if let left = lastNode.left {
            stack.append(left)
        }
    }
    return sum
}
### C: 递归法:
int sumOfLeftLeaves(struct TreeNode* root){
    // 递归结束条件:若当前结点为空,返回0
    if(!root)
        return 0;

    // 递归取左子树的左结点和和右子树的左结点和
    int leftValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root->left);
    int rightValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root->right);

    // 若当前结点的左结点存在,且其为叶子结点。取它的值
    int midValue = 0;
    if(root->left && (!root->left->left && !root->left->right))
        midValue = root->left->val;

    return leftValue + rightValue + midValue;
}
迭代法:
int sumOfLeftLeaves(struct TreeNode* root){
    struct TreeNode* stack[1000];
    int stackTop = 0;

    // 若传入root结点不为空,将其入栈
    if(root)
        stack[stackTop++] = root;

    int sum = 0;
    //若栈不为空,进行循环
    while(stackTop) {
        // 出栈栈顶元素
        struct TreeNode *topNode = stack[--stackTop];
        // 若栈顶元素的左孩子为左叶子结点,将其值加入sum中
        if(topNode->left && (!topNode->left->left && !topNode->left->right))
            sum += topNode->left->val;

        // 若当前栈顶结点有左右孩子。将他们加入栈中进行遍历
        if(topNode->right)
            stack[stackTop++] = topNode->right;
        if(topNode->left)
            stack[stackTop++] = topNode->left;
    }
    return sum;
}
### Scala: **递归:**
object Solution {
  def sumOfLeftLeaves(root: TreeNode): Int = {
    if(root == null) return 0
    var midValue = 0
    if(root.left != null && root.left.left == null && root.left.right == null){
      midValue = root.left.value
    }
    // return关键字可以省略
    midValue + sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left) + sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right)
  }
}
**迭代:**
object Solution {
  import scala.collection.mutable
  def sumOfLeftLeaves(root: TreeNode): Int = {
    val stack = mutable.Stack[TreeNode]()
    if (root == null) return 0
    stack.push(root)
    var sum = 0
    while (!stack.isEmpty) {
      val curNode = stack.pop()
      if (curNode.left != null && curNode.left.left == null && curNode.left.right == null) {
        sum += curNode.left.value // 如果满足条件就累加
      }
      if (curNode.right != null) stack.push(curNode.right)
      if (curNode.left != null) stack.push(curNode.left)
    }
    sum
  }
}
### Rust: **递归**
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::rc::Rc;
impl Solution {
    pub fn sum_of_left_leaves(root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> i32 {
        let mut res = 0;
        if let Some(node) = root {
            if let Some(left) = &node.borrow().left {
                if left.borrow().right.is_none() && left.borrow().right.is_none() {
                    res += left.borrow().val;
                }
            }
            res + Self::sum_of_left_leaves(node.borrow().left.clone())
                + Self::sum_of_left_leaves(node.borrow().right.clone())
        } else {
            0
        }
    }
}
**迭代:**
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::rc::Rc;
impl Solution {
    pub fn sum_of_left_leaves(root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> i32 {
        let mut res = 0;
        let mut stack = vec![root];
        while !stack.is_empty() {
            if let Some(node) = stack.pop().unwrap() {
                if let Some(left) = &node.borrow().left {
                    if left.borrow().left.is_none() && left.borrow().right.is_none() {
                        res += left.borrow().val;
                    }
                    stack.push(Some(left.to_owned()));
                }
                if let Some(right) = &node.borrow().right {
                    stack.push(Some(right.to_owned()));
                }
            }
        }
        res
    }
}
### C#
// 递归
public int SumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode root)
{
    if (root == null) return 0;

    int leftValue = SumOfLeftLeaves(root.left);
    if (root.left != null && root.left.left == null && root.left.right == null)
    {
        leftValue += root.left.val;
    }
    int rightValue = SumOfLeftLeaves(root.right);
    return leftValue + rightValue;

}